21^st International Conference on Past and Present Research Systems on Green Chemistry 27-28th August, 2018 Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Chair

Thomas J Webster

Northeastern University, USA

Co-Chair

Ram K Gupta

Pittsburg State University, USA

Session Introduction

Charlie Zhang

SINOPEC, China

Title: Introduction to microwave assisted pyrolysis and its application in agricultural residue gasification

Time : 00:00-00:35

Biography:

Charlie Zhang is a senior corporate fellow of SINOPEC. He received his PhD from Clark University in the United States in 1993. He is currently at Dalian Research
Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals (DRIPP) of SINOPEC, working on several green energy and green chemical projects. His primary focus is on microwaveassisted
biomass conversion and production of high value-added renewable products.

Abstract:

As the population’s living standard improves in rural areas of China in the last few decades, people started using more fossil fuel for their household energy consumption. However, burning of agricultural crop residue represents a major source of particulate matter, unhealthy gases emission which contributes to the worsening air quality and environmental problems in the northeastern part of China. In China, the total agriculture biomass output by 2020 could reach 800 Mt (million tons) annually. It’s estimated that currently, China’s biomass energy potential is as high as 460 Mt in standard coal equivalent (TCE),
but only a small fracture of it has been utilized in 2016. To unlock this huge usable energy potential, DRIPP (Dalian Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals of SINOPEC) has collaborated with local municipal government and business organizations, developed a new microwave technology to turn agricultural residue and municipal waste into a convenient
form of clean energy (syngas) and other value-added products (such as hydrogen and active carbon). Taking advantage of our well-established microwave facility, we have successfully demonstrated this technology both in bench-top and 10 kg/hr scale. Using Aspen Plus as a process simulation tool, a model has been established for economic analysis; and we are on our way of
designing a unit in semi-commercial scale for a local community of the size of several hundred households. If the technology is proven to be robust enough for general public usage in rural areas of countryside, it will change the landscape of biomass energy development in China.

Chair

Thomas J Webster

Northeastern University, USA

Co-Chair

Ram K Gupta

Pittsburg State University, USA

Session Introduction

Takako Igarashi

Kao Corporation, Japan

Title: Elucidation of softening mechanism in rince-cycle fabric softeners, uneven adsorption: The key phenomenon to the effect of fabric softeners

Biography:

Takako Igarashi received a Master's degree of Engineering from Kanazawa University in Japan. Since 1991, she has worked for Kao Corporation as a research scientist in R&D-polymer development division of Material Development labs. and R&D-Household Products Research labs. She is now a senior research scientist in R&D-Household Products Research labs.

Abstract:

Historically, surfactants were at first introduced to protect yarns from breakage in the course of producing them by using machines in thread-manufacturing plants. In this case, the aspect of friction-lowering of the agents was the key
mechanism why these agents were used. This history has let us believe that another function of this type - especially the double long chain alkyl ammonium cationic type agents - found to work as softening agent especially for cotton, the softening effect might have also been believed to be caused by the lowering effect of these type of compounds, and thus the conventional theory of the softening mechanism got its position. The evaluation of “softening effect” by the formulators of softening agents had
also been done by sensory evaluation which is made of multiple variant senses in which the feeling of friction was “naturally” involved. Our doubt started about this sensory evaluation system as one of the biggest manufacturers of fabric softening agent in Japan. Can slipping feel be the cause of the “real softening” effect of these agents? Our answer was No so that we started
the thorough review of academic papers and started to build a new theory by the careful observation of the physical property change happens before and after the use of the softening agents. The conventional theory of the softening mechanism states that softening effect results from the increase in sliding between fibers and yarns. Our new theory of softening effect occurs by inhibiting cross-linkage of hydrogen bonds. A softener plays two important roles: (1) Decrease of the meniscus force between fibers in a drying process, preventing the decrease in distance between the fibers. (2) Softener inhibits the construction of the cross-linkage made of bound-water between fibers. Furthermore, (3) softener has uneven adsorption characteristic presents in the inner part of yarns. A gradation of softener adsorption happens. Thus, two different physical properties of the soft outer part and the hard inner part are the key factors to give the soft and bouncy feel of the fabric. This formation of adsorption gradation brings about the favorable physical property even when only a small amount of agent such as 0.1 % o.w.f. – a current standard concentration - is used.

Chair

Thomas J Webster

Northeastern University, USA

Co-Chair

Ram K Gupta

Pittsburg State University, USA

Session Introduction

Ashwini K Srivastava

University of Mumbai, India

Title: Novel electrochemical devices and stretegies for practicing green analytical chemistry

Biography:

Ashwini K Srivastava is a professor of analytical chemistry at the department of chemistry, University of Mumbai, India. He obtained his Master's and Ph.D. degrees from Banaras Hindu University, India. He has supervised a large number of Masters, Postdoctoral, and 26 Ph.D. students..He has published 125 research papers in peer reviewed journals with over 3100 citations and 29 h-index. His research activities have spanned diverse areas including electrochemical (bio) sensors, functional nanomaterials, energy storage, environmental pollution and chromatographic separations. His work is mainly focused on the development of sensors for trace level detection of biologically active molecules: vitamins, amino acids and neurotransmitters; analgesics, cardiovascular and psychiatric drugs; environmental pollutants: pesticides and metals. His recent interest involves the synthesis of a variety of nanocomposite materials for fabrication of energy storage devices like high performance supercapacitors.

Abstract:

Recent development in the field of green and sustainable chemistry has focused very much on the synthesis of functional materials using more environmentally friendly synthetic routes. Also, functional nanocomposite materials have attracted a great deal of attention in recent years because of their potential applications in a wide range of technologies ranging from
medical imaging, to chemical and biological sensors, to efficient catalysis. The diverse applications of the nanocomposite materials result from the unique set of properties that the two seemingly dissimilar materials – the inorganic nanostructures such as the carbon and boron nanotubes, graphene, and metal-nanoclusters and the biological molecules, macrocyclic compounds, conducting polymers, etc. bring together and often retain in the composite form. Electrochemical sensors are a class of devices that have found widespread use, ranging from the detection of gas molecules to the tracking of chemical signals in biological cells. These sensors, and specifically biosensors, are nowadays earning an exceptional prominence in analytical
methodologies. They are also of great importance in their traditional niche of applications in the pathological and industrial processes. The research in this area demands promising functional materials with outstanding sensing properties. Different kinds of materials including carbon based materials (graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers); metal nanoparticles
(gold, silver, platinum and metal oxides), conducting polymers (polypyrrole, polyaniline) and / or macrocyclic compounds have recently been employed for development of electrochemical sensors in my research group. A variety of electroanalytical and spectroscopic techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, chronocoulometry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, TEM, etc. were employed to study the surfaces of these electrode materials. The synergistic effect of these materials is found to be highly useful for the sensing of various classes of drugs such as central nervous system drugs, antitubercular drugs, antidepressant and cardiovascular drugs at ultra trace level in pharmaceutical and biomedical samples. Also, enantioselective
analysis of multi-chiral drug, Moxifloxacin hydrochloride (MOX) enantiomers was investigated on carbon paste electrode modified with chiral selector β-Cyclodextrin and graphene nanosheets based on host-guest interactions employing differential pulse voltammetry. This talk will describe some of our recent research [1-5] on the application of functional nanocomposites for the development of electrochemical sensors.

Chair

Thomas J Webster

Northeastern University, USA

Co-Chair

Ram K Gupta

Pittsburg State University, USA

Session Introduction

Albert Robbat Jr

Tufts University, USA

Title: Hazardous waste site remediation of heavy hydrocarbons using biopolymer and polystyrene foam beads

Biography:

Albert Robbat, Jr., is the Directors of both the Tufts University Sensory and Science Center and Center for Field Analytical Studies and Technology and a member of the chemistry department. Professor Robbat’s research interests include how climate affects the sensory and nutritional compounds in plant-based foods as well as developing green solutions aimed at investigating and remediating hazardous waste sites. Toward this end, Dr. Robbat has developed new instrumentation and data analysis software that provides the means to analyze target compounds in 5-10 min and detailed metabolomic profiles of plant-based materials.

Abstract:

A sustainable, green chemistry process is proposed for the cleanup of coal tar and petroleum hydrocarbon impacted sediment and soil in < 2 hr. A mixture of proteins and polypeptides, extracted from corn gluten meal and hemp, when
mixed with solids and polystyrene foam pellets (PFP), serves to mobilize heavy hydrocarbons, which sorb onto PFP. Since the sorbent floats, heavy hydrocarbons are easily extracted from the agitation vessel. An empirically-derived 4-dimensional surface response model predicts removal rates and operational costs under various experimental conditions. At optimum relative to cost, 81% of two to six ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and 80% of the total hydrocarbon mass are removed despite the high organic carbon content (16.4%) and silty fines (~ 85%). Two cycles (n=2) of the same solid/biosurfactant mixture yields 94% extraction of PAH. Scanning electron microscope images illustrate free-phase tar (globule) sorption onto the foam. A field pilot was conducted in which 25 kg of sediment was processed. Results were in excellent agreement with both lab (10 g) experiments and model predictions. The process is considered sustainable and green because the active ingredients are derived from renewable crop materials, recycled polystyrene, and is recyclable, which reduces water demand and treatment costs, with recovered hydrocarbons used as fuel. Both large-scale batch and continuous process results confirm lab findings.

Moshira M Salem

Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Egypt

Title: The decline of scale-forming ions in seawater using pure and modified kaolinite

Biography:

Moshira M Salem works as an Assistant researcher in Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Analysis & Evaluation Department, water analysis Laboratory.Qualified Analytical Chemist with over five years’ experience in Research and Development in Analytical Chemistry in Central Lab. Services, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute. Her primary area of expertise is in water treatment, focused on: water assessment, water treatment, nonmaterial synthesis and application etc. Possess good expertise in nanoparticle synthesis and their Characterization techniques.

Abstract:

Mineral scale membrane fouling is a major problem often encountered in the reverse osmosis membranes while desalination of seawater. Proper pre-treatment is the vital factor to reverse osmosis of seawater (RO). The poor feed water quality can lead to decrease in the membrane lifetime, a short period of operation, and high maintenance cost. Cost effective and eco-friendly silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were synthesized using banana peel extract as the reducing agent. Ag-NPs are characterized using SEM, UV–Vis, and XRD spectroscopic techniques. Ag-NPs were synthesized promptly within 25 min
of incubation period and Ag-NPs showed an absorption peak at 380-500 nm in the UV-visible spectrum. TEM and XRD spectrum confirmed the formation of metallic silver with average size 23 nm. Ag/kaolinite Nano-composite was prepared by impregnation of Ag-NPs which prepared by green synthesis. The kinetics of the adsorption of (Mg+2, Ca+2, Ba+2, Sr+2 and SO4-2) ions from sea water on the pure and modified kaolinite by Ag-NPs were studied by using batch method. The adsorption capacities of pure and modified kaolinite were investigated under the variable experimental condition of; the amount of
adsorbent, pH, temperature and contact time, also, the adsorption kinetic data were also determined to the pure and modified kaolinite. The results show that modification of kaolinite by Ag-NPs enhances its adsorption capacity for Ca+2, Mg+2, Ba+2, Sr+2 and SO4-2 ions. The FTIR spectra showed that certain functional groups are responsible for binding the metal ions from solution. The nature of the modified kaolinite was revealed by the good fit of the data to the kinetic model (pseudo-second order kinetics model are higher than those of the pseudo-first-order kinetics model), these results indicate that modified kaolinite is potentially a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of scale-forming ions from solution.

Chair

Thomas J Webster

Northeastern University, USA

Co-Chair

Ram K Gupta

Pittsburg State University, USA

Session Introduction

Sofia Strekalova

FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Russia

Title: Electrochemical approach to phosphorylation of aromatic compounds

Biography:

Sofia Strekalova graduated from Kazan Federal University, Chemistry faculty, in 2014 and now she is doing her Ph.D. in the laboratory of Electrochemical Synthesis (Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS) directed by Budnikova Yu. Her research interests include electrochemistry, catalysis, phosphorylation reactions. Strekalova S. is a holder of Kazan city mayor scholarship in 2016 and the winner of the contest "The Best Young Scientist of the Republic of Tatarstan" (Russia) among postgraduate students in 2017.

Abstract:

The synthesis of aryl phosphonates via direct phosphorylation of aromatic C-H bonds under electrochemical mild conditions is regarded as one of the most important approaches because it meets the generally accepted criteria of green
chemistry in compared to traditional approaches. We carried out a series of experiments to obtain phosphorylated aromatic compounds (benzene and its derivatives, coumarins, pyridine, etc.) under electrochemical oxidative and reductive conditions using monometallic ([CoIIbpy], [NiIIbpy], [MnIIbpy]) and bimetallic ([CoIIbpy]/[MnIIbpy], [NiIIbpy]/[MnIIbpy]) catalytic systems. Thus in a series of experiments the products of phosphorylation of aromatic compounds were obtained under electrochemical mild conditions in good yield (up to 80%) and 100% conversion of H-phosphonate.