21^st International Conference on Past and Present Research Systems on Green Chemistry 27-28th August, 2018 Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Dr. Alexander Ivlev received his PhD (1968) in the Chemical Technology Institute of Mendeleyev (Moscow). His next PhD (1986), he got in the Institute of Chemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences for research on biophysical mechanisms in photosynthesizing cell. In 2005 he was awarded the medal of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences “To Author of Scientific Discovery”. Since 1971 he worked in the Scientific Research Institute of Oil Prospecting. In 1995 he was invited to be a Professor of Russian State Agrarian University. Here he discovered the carbon isotope effect in photorespiration (1993) and the oscillatory nature of photosynthesis (2004) and began the project “Global Carbon Cycle”. He is an author of 5 scientific monographs and over 230 publications in Russian and foreign journals.

Two features of the new global carbon cycle model allow us to take a fresh look at the genesis of oil. I mean orogenic cycles and global photosynthesis. The first links the processes of the earth\'s crust with photosynthesis, the second ensures the synthesis of “living matter” which is a source of organic carbon in rocks. Uneven movement and collision of lithospheric plates caused cyclic and uneven dynamics of photosynthesis. Such dynamic provided maximum accumulation of organic matter in rocks at the end of the orogenic cycles during the transition from one cycle to another. This was the time when drastic environmental events and mass extinction of organisms were taking place. As a result, rocks, rich in organic matter (\"black shale\"), were formed. These rocks subsequently became powerful sources for hydrocarbon generation. The presence of global photosynthesis in global carbon cycle with its ability to self-regulation, made the cycle evolving and finally led to the point of ecological compensation, i.e. to a sustainable state. The analysis of the problem by means of carbon cycle model allows concluding that the first industrial oil deposits couldn\'t appear before the Ediacaran (650 – 540 Ma), whereas organic-rich rocks with related oil deposits were unlikely to arise after the Miocene. This statement is confirmed by the correspondence of the distribution of known world oil reserves and the number of discovered oil fields in the territory of the former USSR as well as data on successive four stages of 13C oil enrichment observed in the Phanerozoic.\r\n\r\n

She graduated in 2017 from Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics and current studying at Hohai University as a research student. During her studies she became very interested in assessing the local, regional and global effect of flood on greenhouse gas emissions, its principles and associated method that allow the evaluation of potential environmental pollution risks and their prevention. In the context of global warming, during my studies, she worked on greenhouse effect: greenhouse gases and their impact on global warming. Her excellent research skills and hard work, merited her an opportunity to work at Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Civil and Transportation Engineering Department, Hohai University, Nanjing, China as a Research Assistant and postgraduate student, where she is currently working on greenhouse gas emission and related.

The Greenhouse effect is a leading factor in keeping the Earth warm because it keeps some of the planet\'s heat that would otherwise escape from the atmosphere out to space. The study report on the Greenhouse gases and their impact on Global warming. Without the greenhouse effect the Earth\'s average global temperature would be much colder and life on Earth as we know it would be impossible. Greenhouse gases include water vapor, CO2, methane, nitrous oxide (N2O) and other gases. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases turn like a blanket, gripping Infra-Red radiation and preventing it from escaping into outer space. The clear effect of the greenhouse gases is the stable heating of Earth\'s atmosphere and surface, thus, global warming. The ability of certain gases, greenhouse gases, to be transparent to inbound visible light from the sun, yet opaque to the energy radiated from the earth is one of the best still events in the atmospheric sciences. The existence of greenhouse effect is what makes the earth a comfortable place for life. The study also reveals the importance of greenhouse gases to the warming of the planet earth.