Past and Present Research Systems of Green Chemistry

In 2005, the Nobel Prize in chemistry was awarded for the discovery of a catalytic chemical process called metathesis – which has broad applicability in the chemical industry. It uses significantly less energy and has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions for many key processes. The process is stable at normal temperatures and pressures, can be used in combination with greener solvents, and is likely to produce less hazardous waste.

In 2012, Elevance Renewable Sciences won the Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Award by using metathesis to break down natural oils and recombine the fragments into high-performance chemicals. The company makes specialty chemicals for many uses, such as highly concentrated cold-water detergents that provide better cleaning with reduced energy costs.

• Industrial processes
• Materials and applications
• Basic chemicals
• Polymers
• Metals
• Antibacterial Products
• Laundry
• Water Purification
• Industrial Cleaning

There is currently considerable interest in applying the principles of green chemistry and sustainability to industrial organic synthesis, particularly in the fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals industries.

In any synthesis of a target molecule, the starting materials that are made to react with a reagent under appropriate conditions. Before coming to a final decision, consider all the possible methods that can give the desired product. The same product can also be obtained by modifying the conditions. The method of choice should not use toxic starting materials and should eliminate by-products and wastes. Following are some of the important considerations.

Sustainable and Green Chemistry in very simple terms is just a different way of thinking about how chemistry and chemical engineering can be done. Over the years different principles have been proposed that can be used when thinking about the design, development and implementation of chemical products and processes. These principles enable scientists and engineers to protect and benefit the economy, people and the planet by finding creative and innovative ways to reduce waste, conserve energy, and discover replacements for hazardous substances.

Green chemistry can also be defined through the use of metrics. While a unified set of metrics has not been established, many ways to quantify greener processes and products have been proposed. These metrics include ones for mass, energy, hazardous substance reduction or elimination, and life cycle environmental impacts.

“Green Chemistry is the utilization of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and applications of chemical products”.

The  use  of  hazardous  and  toxic  solvents in chemical laboratories  and  the  chemical  industry  is  considered  a  very  important  problem  for  the  health and  safety  of  workers and  environmental pollution.  Green Chemistry aims  to change  the  use  of  toxic  solvents  with  greener  alternatives,  with  replacement and  synthetic  techniques,  separation  and  purification  which  do  not  need  the use of solvents.   

One  of  principles  of  Green Chemistry  is  to  promote  the  idea  of “greener” solvents (non-toxic,  benign  to  environment),  replacement  in  cases that   can   be substituted   with   safer   alternatives,   or   changes   in   the methodologies of organic synthesis, when solvents are not needed. 

Quantifying the environmental impact of chemical technologies and products, and comparing alternative products and technologies in terms of their “greenness” is a challenging task. In order to characterize various aspects of a complex phenomenon, a number of different indicators are selected into a metric. Green Chemistry conference outlines fundamental developments in chemistry and chemical technology that have led to the development of green chemistry, green chemical technology, and sustainable chemical technology concepts, and provide a foundation for the development of the corresponding metrics. It includes different approaches to metrics, and case study examples of their applications, and problems in practice.

Organic synthesis is a special branch of chemical synthesis and is concerned with the construction of organic compounds via organic reactions. Organic molecules often contain a higher level of complexity than purely inorganic compounds, so that the synthesis of organic compounds has developed into one of the most important branches of organic chemistry. There are several main areas of research within the general area of organic synthesis: total synthesis, semi synthesis, and methodology.

A total synthesis is the complete chemical synthesis of complex organic molecules from simple, commercially available (petrochemical) or natural precursors. Total synthesis may be accomplished either via a linear or convergent approach. In a linear synthesis often adequate for simple structures several steps are performed one after another until the molecule is complete. The chemical compounds made in each step are called synthetic intermediates. For more complex molecules, a different approach may be preferable: convergent synthesis involves the individual preparation of several "pieces" (key intermediates), which are then combined to form the desired product.

In the past, the industrial production of Adipic acid used benzene as a starting material. Benzene is one of the basic chemicals for industrial reactions and a solvent. It is known that derives mainly from the refining processes of the petrochemical industry. Benzene is also known for its carcinogenic properties (it causes leukemia to highly exposed workers). Afterwards the starting material became cyclohexanone or a mixture of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol. For the oxidation process it was used nitric acid, producing toxic fumes of nitric oxides, NOx, which are also contributors to the greenhouse effect and the destruction of the ozone layer in the stratosphere. It was Inevitable that the method had to be changed again with more environmentally benign reactions.

An analytical method or analytical technique is a method to determine the concentration of a chemical compound or element in a sample.  There is a very wide variety of methods used for analysis which afford different degrees of sample preparation and instrumentation.

At the global scale and in the broadest sense sustainability and environmental safety management involves managing the oceans, freshwater systems, land and atmosphere, according to sustainability principles.

Land use change is fundamental to the operations of the biosphere because alterations in the relative proportions of land dedicated to urbanization, agriculture, forest, woodland, grassland and pasture have a marked effect on the global water, carbon and nitrogen biogeochemical cycles. Management of the Earth's atmosphere involves assessment of all aspects of the carbon cycle to identify opportunities to address human-induced climate change and this has become a major focus of scientific research because of the potential catastrophic effects on biodiversity and human communities. Ocean circulation patterns have a strong influence on climate and weather and, in turn, the food supply of both humans and other organisms.

Green engineering approaches the design of products and processes by applying financially and technologically feasible processes and products in a manner that simultaneously decreases the amount of pollution that is generated by a source, minimizes exposures to potential hazards (including reducing toxicity and improved uses of matter and energy throughout the life cycle of the product and processes). In so doing, the overall health and ecological stress and risk are reduced. As such, green engineering is not actually an engineering discipline in itself, but an overarching engineering framework for all design disciplines.

Green marketing is the showcasing of items that are dared to be naturally desirable over others. Thus green marketing joins an expansive scope of exercises, including item adjustment, changes to the generation process, economical bundling, and in addition altering publicizing. Yet characterizing green promoting is not a straightforward assignment where a few implications cross and repudiate one another; a sample of this will be the presence of shifting social, natural and retail definitions appended to this term. Other comparable terms utilized are ecological advertising and environmental showcasing.

Green, ecological and eco-marketing are a piece of the new advertising methodologies which don't simply refocus, modify or upgrade existing promoting thinking and practice, however try to challenge those methodologies and give a generously alternate point of view. In more detail green, natural and eco-marketing have a place with the gathering of methodologies which look to address the absence of fit between promoting as it is as of now drilled and the biological and social substances of the more extensive advertising environment.