Day 2 :
- Industrial Applications of Green Chemistry | Analytical Methodologies | Sustainability and Environmental Safety | Green Chemistry and Engineering | Waste Management Strategies | Green Materials and Marketing
Session Introduction
S Padmavathy
Bishop Heber College, India
Title: Surface methodological approach of Pleurotus florida biowaste towards aspirin drug
Biography:
S Padmavathy is an assistant professor in Bishop Heber College, Department of Chemistry. She has number of publication in national and international journal.
Abstract:
Microbial bioremediation covers a wide range of recalcitrant degradation of pharmaceutical waste. The present study aims to inspect the dried, nonliving Pleurotus florida bio-waste efficacy for bioremediation of aspirin in an ecofriendly manner. The equilibrium uptake of aspirin was investigated using batch experiments which were carried out as a function of contact time, initial concentration, pH and biomass dose. The optimal conditions for the highest percentage removal of aspirin was achieved at 2 h contact time, 100 mg/L of aspirin concentration, at pH 5 and 4.0 g/L biomass dose. The best fit was obtained by Langmuir isotherm model with high correlation coefficient (R2=0.989). The Pleurotus florida bio-waste was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermo-gravimetric analyzer and their interaction between the aspirin was illustrated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope.
Anne Gorden
Auburn University, USA
Title: Salen-quinoxolinol ligand supported Cu(II) catalysts for oxidations in aqueous systems
Biography:
Anne Elizabeth Vivian Gorden has completed her PhD while working with Jonathan Sessler at the University of Texas at Austin in Organic Chemistry. She then moved on to do Post-doctoral research with Kenneth Raymond, first at the University of California - Berkeley and then at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratoy Seaborg Center. In 2005, she started as an Assistant Professor at Auburn University, the land grant university for Alabama. She was tenured and promoted to Associate Professor in 2011. She is Faculty Advisor for the Auburn Association of Women in Science, and she is an Author of more than 40 peer-reviewed publications.
Abstract:
Streamlining synthesis improves atom economy or selectivity improves sustainability of chemical processes which makes better use of dwindling natural resources. Introducing catalytic reactions or limiting volatile organic solvents (VOS) are required for purifications or are two examples of reducing industrial impacts. Most catalytic systems feature toxic metals, high catalyst loading, and/or hazardous organic solvents. Selectivity and optimal conditions remain elusive. Previously, we have developed 2-quinoxalinol salens, Schiff base ligands with a quinoxaline incorporated into a salen backbone, nicknamed Salqu, as catalyst supports for Cu(II). The imbued electronic properties of the heterocycle improves solubility and increases catalytic efficacy as compared to analogous salen or salophen complexes in oxidation reactions. Simple olefin substrates can be oxidized using the salqu catalyst with TBHP (up to 99% yield) with short reaction times and improved selectivity. These Salqu ligands have now been modified through sulfonation to be water soluble. The aqueous soluble metal catalysts then possess some of the beneficial properties of homogeneous catalysis - selectivity and efficiency, while also being more easily recoverable and recyclable. The Sulfosalqu ligands have been used in Cu(II) complexes for the selective oxidation of propargylic, benzylic and allylic alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl compounds in water in combination with the oxidant tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP). Excellent selectivity was achieved with this catalytic protocol for the oxidation of propargylic, benzylic, and allylic alcohols over aliphatic alcohols. Here, we describe the efficacy of these in C-H activation and their mechanism of reaction.
Pungayee Amirtham
Cauvery College for Women, India
Title: Pleurotus florida: Myco- community in carcinogenic metal ions uptake capacity
Biography:
Pungayee Alias Amirtham is an assistance professor in Cauvery College for Womn, India. She has number of publication in national and international journal.
Abstract:
Chemical carcinogens trigger cancer, directly cause genetic mutation leading to rapid cell division and abnormal cell growth. Most of the heavy metals are anticipated to be human carcinogen and metal carcinogenicity ingestion in living system beyond the limited concentration causes severe health disorders. Macro fungi are promising economic, environmental sound alternative bioremediating tool for the heavy metal uptake capacity. The present study offers an insight into the deterioration of metal toxicity through the Pleurotus species and the experimental results highlighted the screening potential of Pleurotus florida for nickel and cobalt ions uptake capacity. Larger amount of cobalt ion 66.33 mg/Kg in the fungal fruiting body than nickel ions (52.83 mg/Kg) showed that cobalt ion has greater bioaccumulation factor and resulted in lower growth rate. The metal accumulated Pleurotus florida species were tested against pathogenic bacteria and fungal organisms and the zone of inhibitory values indicated greater antimicrobial activity than control and it confirms the bioaccumulation of metal ions in the fungal fruiting body.
Kouichi Matsumoto
Kindai University, Japan
Title: Synthesis of fluorinated bicyclic molecule via Prins cyclization using electro-generated acid
Biography:
Kouichi Matsumoto graduated from Kyoto University in 2005. He received his PhD in 2010 from Kyoto University under the supervision of Professor Jun-ichi Yoshida. In 2010, he joined the group of Prof Shigenori Kashimura at Kindai University as an Assistant Professor. He was promoted to Lecturer in 2014. His current research interests are in 1) the development of new reactions using electro-organic chemistry, 2) the kinetic analysis of electro-generated reactive species using Raman spectroscopy, and 3) the synthesis of organic materials for organic thin film solar cells. He is awarded by Student Presentation Award in the 89th CSJ spring meeting (2009), and got Prize of the Promotion of Engineering Research in Foundation for the Promotion of Engineering Research (2012).
Abstract:
Prins cyclization using simple aldehydes and homoallylic alcohols in the presence of acid reagents is well known to form functionalized tetrahydropyrans, and the reactions have been extensively studied so far. Because tetrahydropyrans are important and interesting unit in bioactive molecules, a new synthetic development in this field has been still required. In the view point of integration of Prins cyclization, some interesting reactions have been reported. For example, sequential Sakurai-Prins-Ritter reactions are developed by Rovis, T. et al. This reaction involves Prins cyclization in the latter stage. Tandem Prins/Friedel-Crafts cyclization has recently been reported by Yadav, J. S. et al, in which the generated carbocation by Prins cyclization was trapped by aromatic ring to form heterotricycles. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no report of tandem Prins/cationic cyclization using aldehyde and non-conjugated diene alcohol as integrated Prins cyclization. We have recently reported that the electrochemical oxidation of the solution of aldehydes and homoallylic alcohols in Bu4NBF4/CH2Cl2 afforded the corresponding fluorinated tetrahydrofurans via Prins cyclization. During the course of our study, we found that this type of cyclization reaction could be extended to tandem Prins/cationic cyclization (Scheme 1). The electrochemical oxidation of octanal (R = C7H15-) and (E)-4,7-octadiene-1-ol in Bu4NBF4/CH2Cl2 at -40 oC in divided cell gave the corresponding fluorinated bicyclic compound in 73% yield. The same reactions were also found to be promoted by Lewis acids. In the presentation, the detail of the reactions including optimization, scope and limitations, and mechanism will be discussed.
Velram Mohan
The University of Auckland, New Zealand
Title: Graphene: A promising nano-reinforcement for functional composite materials
Biography:
Velram Balaji Mohan received a B.Tech in Polymer Technology from Anna University, India and an ME (Hons) in Materials and Process Engineering from the University of Waikato, New Zealand. He has gained a PhD from the Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM) at the University of Auckland on the development of functional graphene/polymer nanocomposites. Currently, he is working as a Research Fellow at the Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM) and Plastics Centre of Excellence (PCoE) at the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Abstract:
Graphene is a unique carbon material and its derivatives can be used as functional reinforcements in polymers for applications, such as sensors, flexible devices and functional nanocomposites. This article focuses on the preparation and characterisation of superconducting graphene derivatives and manufacturing of complex blends of primary and secondary polymers reinforced with highly conductive graphene material. The electrical conductivity can be established in conventional non-conductive thermoplastics by melt blending process through systematic approach and the right choice of additional electrically conductive components. Conducting polymers such as polyaniline-complex (PANI-complex) and polypyrrole (PPY) can be blended with thermoplastics even at higher temperatures of 280 ºC. Hence, hybrids of polypropylene (PP-non-polar), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA-polar) and polyoxymethylene (POM-highly polar) as primary polymer matrices while polypyrrole and polyaniline as secondary conducting polymer matrices reinforced with graphene (G). The maximum electrical conductivity of 0.7 S/cm has been acquired with POM/PPY/G blend with 4 wt% and 3 wt% of polypyrrole and graphene loading, respectively. Furthermore, electrically conductive wires were produced using graphene particles’ different fibre yarns (including natural fibres) as wires and epoxy resin as a binding material. Three different dip-coating approaches were used and electrical conductivity and morphology of the samples were investigated. By systematically varying material composition and manufacturing techniques, and applying optimisation methods, it will identify sets of coating parameters that will allow improving electrical conductivity and mechanical properties. This will demonstrate that conducting yarns can be produced using off-the-shelf technologies, inexpensive natural fibres and easily synthesisable conducting organic materials. These points are critical if graphene and reduced graphene oxide are to be produced and used in large-scale devices or bulk commercial applications.
Abdeen Mustafa Omer
Environmental Research Institute, UK
Title: Agricultural residues for future energy options in Sudan: an analysis
Biography:
Abdeen Mustafa Omer (BSc, MSc, PhD) is an Associate Researcher at Energy Research Institute (ERI). He obtained both his PhD degree in the Built Environment and Master of Philosophy degree in Renewable Energy Technologies from the University of Nottingham. He is qualified Mechanical Engineer with a proven track record within the water industry and renewable energy technologies. He has been graduated from University of El Menoufia, Egypt, BSc in Mechanical Engineering. His previous experience involved being a member of the research team at the National Council for Research/Energy Research Institute in Sudan and Working Director of Research and Development for National Water Equipment Manufacturing Co. Ltd., Sudan. He has been listed in the book WHO’S WHO in the World 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2010. He has published over 300 papers in peer-reviewed journals, 200 review articles, 7 books and 150 chapters in books.
Abstract:
Like many tropical countries, Sudan has ample biomass resources that can be efficiently exploited in a manner that is both profitable and sustainable. Fuel-wood farming offers cost-effective and environmentally friendly energy solutions for Sudan, with the added benefit of providing sustainable livelihoods in rural areas. This article provides an overview of biomass energy activities and highlights future plans concerning optimum technical and economical utilization of biomass energy available in Sudan. Results suggest that biomass energy technologies must be encouraged, promoted, implemented, and fully demonstrated in Sudan.
Abiodun S Momodu
Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria
Title: System dynamics modeling of low-carbon development strategy for the West African electricity system
Biography:
Abiodun S Momodu holds a PhD in Technology Management and is a Senior Research Fellow at the Centre for Energy Research and Development, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. He is a Postdoctoral Fellow of the African Academy of Sciences in conjunction with the Association of Commonwealth Universities. He is an Associate Lecturer, Centre for Petroleum, Energy, Economics and Law, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. His researches span energy planning and environmental management, with particular emphasis in electricity system and bioenergy, policy analysis, climate change, green chemistry, gender and system dynamics modeling. He is a member of many learned professional bodies such as the System Dynamics Society, International Society for Development and Sustainability, Nigerian Association of Energy Economics and an affiliate member of International Association of Energy Economics. He has over 30 journal articles and technical reports to his credit. He heads System Dynamics Research and Modeling, and Green Research Groups.
Abstract:
Policy makers seek to understand needed trade-offs between economic growth and climate change. This provides the context to explore low-carbon development (LCD) pathways for the West African electricity system. The study relied on both primary and secondary sources of data elicited from relevant authorities in its electricity system, namely, West African Power Pool and ECOWAS Regional Electricity Regulatory Authority. Low-carbon development strategy (LCDS) as a planning process in West African Power Pool was evaluated. System dynamics (SD) model was developed to assess the relevance of the nonlinear relationship between generation adequacy and greenhouse gas emission (GHG) reduction. Tension between providing adequate supply capacity against reducing emission from the generation technologies in the West African electricity system was examined. This model arranged the complexities in the system and established the basic interconnecting structure to conduct the analysis. Four high leverage points were identified, namely, capacity factor (CF), emission factor (EF), time to adjust capacity, and expectation formation. CF and EF improvement increased efficiency in the system. The expectation formation periods were determined at 7.5 years for the base case scenario and 7 years for the LCD option scenario. Time to adjust capacity was located at 21 and 20 years respectively; deduced from the average time it will take to construct a combined cycle gas power plant (3 years) and an allowance of 2 years for delays and its decommissioning time. Between 2011 and 2012, in LCD option scenario, emission of GHG to the atmosphere dropped as generation did but began a steady rise for the simulation period to 6.154 bt CO2 in 2060. The high leverage points identified in the model simulation situate three policy options for overcoming poverty and mitigation targets as regards resource mix, investment cost recovery, and technical factors to reduce system’s environmental footprint.
Asmae Bouziani
Mohammed V University, Morocco
Title: Degradation of methyl orange in water by visible excitation of a Bi2WO6-Fe2O3 catalyst
Biography:
Asmae Bouziani is from Mohammed V University, Morocco. She has number of publication in national and international journal.
Abstract:
The development of new photocatalysts is attracting vast interest. Among them the Bismuth tungstate (Bi2WO6) is a typical n-type direct band gap semiconductor with a band gap of 2.75 eV and has prospective applications in electrode materials, solar energy conversion and catalysis. In addition it has been found that Bi2WO6 might act the same as a stable photocatalyst for the photochemical decomposition of organic contaminants under visible light irradiation. The present study intended to dope Bi2WO6 with Fe2O3 to prepare Bi2WO6-Fe2O3 composite and investigate the degradation mechanisms of the composite in the presence of H2O2. Methyl orange (MO) is used to imitate no biodegradable, toxic organic compounds. The photocatalytic activity of Bi2WO6-Fe2O3 to MO in the absence and presence of H2O2 is evaluated. Bi2WO6-Fe2O3 composites were synthesized using a mechanical mixing; by adding the Bi2WO6 obtained by hydrothermal method to the corresponding amount of Fe2O3 and their photocatalytic activity to degrade methyl orange (MO) under visible light illumination supported with H2O2 were studied. The H2O2 react with photogenerated electrons leading to the production of hydroxyl radicals (OHâ—). The Fe2O3 acts like a Fenton reagent, accelerating the production of OHâ—. Bi2WO6-Fe2O3/ H2O2 system demonstrate much higher photocatalytic efficiency to degrade MO than pure Bi2WO6. 50% of MO was degraded in 120 min visible irradiation and the peak disappeared after 90 min, and in Bi2WO6-Fe2O3 system the peak disappeared after 90 min. This study was performed at pH≈ 6 using Fe2O3 as a heterogeneous photo-Fenton catalyst in neutral and weak alkaline conditions of wastewater.
Hao Peng
Yangtze Normal University, China
Title: A green method to leach vanadium and chromium from residue using NaOH-H2O2
Biography:
Hao Peng is currently a PhD in School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China. His research topics are chemical engineering, green chemistry and resource utilization.
Abstract:
Hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant was applied in leaching of vanadium and chromium in concentrated NaOH solution. To obtain the optimal reaction conditions, the effects of various reaction parameters were systematically investigated. The leaching efficiency of vanadium was found to exhibited an analogously parabolic characteristic with the increase in reaction temperature; in addition, the increase in the mass ratio of NaOH-to-residue, the volume ratio of H2O2-to-residue, reaction time favored the leaching process, with the optimal reaction condition determined as the liquid to solid ratio of 4.0 ml/g, residue particle size of < 200 mesh, the mass ratio of NaOH-to-residue of 1.0 g/g, the volume ratio of H2O2-to-residue of 1.2 ml/g, reaction temperature of 90 °C and reaction time of 120 min. Under the optimal reaction conditions, the leaching efficiency of vanadium and chromium could reach up to 98.60% and 86.49%, respectively. Compared with the current liquid-phase oxidation technologies, the reaction temperature was 90-310 °C lower, and the NaOH concentration of the reaction medium is lower by more than 50 wt% (the mass ratio of NaOH-to-residue of 1.0 g/g equals to concentration of 20 wt%). The kinetics study revealed that leaching process of chromium and vanadium were interpreted with shrinking core model under chemical reaction control. The apparent activation energy of chromium and vanadium dissolution was 22.19 kJ/mol and 6.95 kJ/mol, respectively.